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???
09/21/07 15:58
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#144888 - for purpose of understanding ... YES
Responding to: ???'s previous message
Russ Cooper said:
Hi Richard,

Thanks for your thoughtful response. All that makes sense.

However, it doesn't actually answer the question that I asked. All I was looking for was a simple "yes" or "no". For ease of reference, here's the question again:

Russ said:
Before I go charging down the wrong path completely, are you suggesting here that I construct my little clock divider starting with the gate-level primitives provided by Verilog?

Thanks,

-- Russ


Yes, I'd suggest you do it in a number of ways, just to see how the differences in expression affect resource utilization.

One thing I found in designing CPLD-based hardware with schematics was that the hardware seems to translate very efficiently from schematic to CPLD, while it doesn't work as well in FPGA. In part, of course, this is because FPGA's are register-rich and logic poor, while CPLD's register-poor and logic-rich. You'll find that, as you move from monolithic to modular circuit description, which favors module reuse, the way in which you concatenate modules will affect resource allocation. It will also affect timing.

One example I'd offer is that if you design multi-bit counter stages with a synchronous carry output rather than a ripple carry, as is often used in library components, you use more registers but save a bit of time. I've found that I can get a 20-bit counter to operate at 200 MHz in a Spartan-II FPGA using 4-bit counter modules with a synchronous carry output, yet can only get that same counter length to operate at 78 MHz using a ripple carry output. Even though it uses more registers, the synchronous-carry counter module is faster and requires less of the FPGA's routing resources than does a fully synchronous expression of the same counter.

In terms of "thinking hardware," it's likely you'll want to consider whether you want to build synchronous or ripple counters (which use much less logic) for some things. Ripple counters use much less logic and fewer routes. A ripple counter counts fast though it doesn't allow glitch-free decoding. Its individual outputs aren't synchronized with the clock that drives the lsb, but they are glitch-free. If all you want is a divided-down clock, they can work very well.

RE





List of 147 messages in thread
TopicAuthorDate
Getting Started With FPGAs, Part II            01/01/70 00:00      
   I didn't find it too big a job ... YMMV, of course            01/01/70 00:00      
   when it doesnt work            01/01/70 00:00      
      I'd guess...            01/01/70 00:00      
         Curses            01/01/70 00:00      
   OP Update 1 of ???            01/01/70 00:00      
      On your way ...            01/01/70 00:00      
         Not windows this time?            01/01/70 00:00      
            Not Windows every time, anyway            01/01/70 00:00      
      re: OP Update            01/01/70 00:00      
         what might be helpful before you get too far along            01/01/70 00:00      
   OP Update 2 of ???            01/01/70 00:00      
      re: update            01/01/70 00:00      
         The Verilog == C trap            01/01/70 00:00      
            re: The Verilog == C trap            01/01/70 00:00      
               Thinking hardware            01/01/70 00:00      
                  I read somewhere ...            01/01/70 00:00      
                  re: Thinking Hardware            01/01/70 00:00      
               One reason why HDL isnt the same as software            01/01/70 00:00      
                  Have I got this right?            01/01/70 00:00      
                     re: Have I got this right?            01/01/70 00:00      
                        re: re: Have I got this right?            01/01/70 00:00      
                           re: OT            01/01/70 00:00      
                        Nothing\'s perfect            01/01/70 00:00      
                        The thing to watch with FPGA's            01/01/70 00:00      
   OP Update 3 of ?            01/01/70 00:00      
      have you looked at the resource utilization?            01/01/70 00:00      
         Just a little bit            01/01/70 00:00      
            On a slightly different note..            01/01/70 00:00      
               the lesson ...            01/01/70 00:00      
               HDL coding to "help" the synthesizer            01/01/70 00:00      
         Please clarify            01/01/70 00:00      
            think hardware            01/01/70 00:00      
               this sounds like...            01/01/70 00:00      
                  re: this sounds like            01/01/70 00:00      
               Please clarify again            01/01/70 00:00      
                  for purpose of understanding ... YES            01/01/70 00:00      
                  answer            01/01/70 00:00      
      double assignment            01/01/70 00:00      
         Good catch, I think            01/01/70 00:00      
            re: Good Catch            01/01/70 00:00      
      block vs nonblocking            01/01/70 00:00      
         I have unplugged my eval board            01/01/70 00:00      
            re: Unplugged            01/01/70 00:00      
   OP Update 4 of ?            01/01/70 00:00      
      Another question about the counter            01/01/70 00:00      
         what's wrong            01/01/70 00:00      
            \'initial\' block            01/01/70 00:00      
               general Verilog coding advice            01/01/70 00:00      
                  Wow            01/01/70 00:00      
            Where does "reset" come from?            01/01/70 00:00      
   OP Dumb Question 1 of ?            01/01/70 00:00      
      look at it in the other way            01/01/70 00:00      
         But isn\'t it out of spec?            01/01/70 00:00      
            If you look more closely at the spec ...            01/01/70 00:00      
         which tools?            01/01/70 00:00      
            fanout exceeded            01/01/70 00:00      
               device dependence            01/01/70 00:00      
      newer data sheet?            01/01/70 00:00      
      Metastability            01/01/70 00:00      
         ... and contact bounce            01/01/70 00:00      
            That might not be a worry ...            01/01/70 00:00      
               Thanks            01/01/70 00:00      
   OP Update 5 of ?            01/01/70 00:00      
      do you mean, adaptive threshold?            01/01/70 00:00      
         Yes            01/01/70 00:00      
            PicoBlaze            01/01/70 00:00      
               Andy ... about that PicoBlaze ...            01/01/70 00:00      
                  re: about picoblaze            01/01/70 00:00      
         the boundary is quite arbitrary            01/01/70 00:00      
            Yes            01/01/70 00:00      
   OP Update 6 of ?            01/01/70 00:00      
      a better way            01/01/70 00:00      
   OP Update 7 of ?            01/01/70 00:00      
      OP Update 7.01            01/01/70 00:00      
         excessive skew warning            01/01/70 00:00      
            Offensive code here            01/01/70 00:00      
               On a slightly different note            01/01/70 00:00      
                  whatizit?            01/01/70 00:00      
                  free vs paid-for ModelSim            01/01/70 00:00      
               reason for the skew warning            01/01/70 00:00      
                  error            01/01/70 00:00      
                  I\\\'m drinking from a fire hose!            01/01/70 00:00      
                     fIREHOSE            01/01/70 00:00      
                        Faucet            01/01/70 00:00      
                           faucet            01/01/70 00:00      
                              Slow drip            01/01/70 00:00      
                                 I have no particular interest in this - but            01/01/70 00:00      
                                    Famous last words...            01/01/70 00:00      
                                       sure, I take your point - but            01/01/70 00:00      
                                 What libraries you use in VHDL            01/01/70 00:00      
                                    std_logic_arith vs numeric_std            01/01/70 00:00      
                              I found the FM!            01/01/70 00:00      
                                 Development System Reference Guide            01/01/70 00:00      
                           Another slow drip            01/01/70 00:00      
                              doubts            01/01/70 00:00      
                              I am not surprised it doesn\'t find that            01/01/70 00:00      
                              I was surprised            01/01/70 00:00      
                              If you want to see how the logic was synthesized            01/01/70 00:00      
                                 Don't cares worked for me            01/01/70 00:00      
                                    Not quite what I meant            01/01/70 00:00      
                                       Bummer            01/01/70 00:00      
                                          I wouldn't worry about minimizing            01/01/70 00:00      
                                             Thanks            01/01/70 00:00      
                              re: drip            01/01/70 00:00      
                                 re: re: drip            01/01/70 00:00      
                                    huh?            01/01/70 00:00      
                                       re: huh?            01/01/70 00:00      
                                          defaults?            01/01/70 00:00      
                                             re: defaults?            01/01/70 00:00      
                                             ***** Interesting result! ******            01/01/70 00:00      
                                          challenge            01/01/70 00:00      
                                             unknown is not don't care            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                A noob question            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                   similar noob question            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                      re: what happens            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                   You should get a latch            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                   re: a noob question            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                      Not really answered            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                         I'd guess...            01/01/70 00:00      
                           Simulator question            01/01/70 00:00      
                              what you are seeing            01/01/70 00:00      
                                 Thanks, Jez            01/01/70 00:00      
                                    check the logic!            01/01/70 00:00      
                                       That's good news            01/01/70 00:00      
                                          this might make the key difference            01/01/70 00:00      
                                             Two flavors of \"big\"            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                drop the comments :-)            01/01/70 00:00      
                                             as has been recommended ...            01/01/70 00:00      
                                          My confidence in XILINX' simulator is low            01/01/70 00:00      
                                             Xilinx vs. ModelSim            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                It's worth using ModelSim just for the features            01/01/70 00:00      
                                          behavioral is good,kind of            01/01/70 00:00      
                                             re: behavioral is good, kind of            01/01/70 00:00      
                                       Double post. Oops.            01/01/70 00:00      
                                 not so simple            01/01/70 00:00      
                              re: Simulator Question: ANSWER            01/01/70 00:00      
                                 re: ANSWER            01/01/70 00:00      
                                 re: ANSWER, Part II            01/01/70 00:00      
                        Long time            01/01/70 00:00      
      one more comment            01/01/70 00:00      
   OP Update 8 of ?            01/01/70 00:00      
      its supposed to make things easier to debug            01/01/70 00:00      
      one way vs the other way            01/01/70 00:00      
         re: Them two ways            01/01/70 00:00      
   OP Update 9 of ?            01/01/70 00:00      
   OP Update 10 of 10            01/01/70 00:00      

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