Row Scanning Technique:
(Brackets’ text shows loops and variables used in code)

1. Save the Message to be displayed in code memory (msg_org).
2. Define an array of 35 bits (this is for 7 characters on a 5x5 matrix, later it will be of 80 bits) which is used to save the row information to be displayed (row_buff).
3. Get first character of Message (word)
4. Identify character (using switch statement) and get character data.
5. Add one bit (if this is first character) to row_buff (col).
6. If this the first row then OFF (give 0 to) it (1s are given from shift register).
7. EO of shift register is ON to illuminate the first row.
8. Delay.
9. EO of shift register is OFF.
10. Row is also ON (give 1 to it) so that now this row is OFF
11. Clear the shift register
12. Repeat steps ‘3’ to ‘11’ 5 times so that all 5 rows are illuminated (turned on and then off one by one (row)).
13. Repeat steps ‘3’ to ‘11’ 7 times (using loop1 so that 1st column is illuminated)
14. Now column (loop) value is 2 (means now it will add 2 column bits of character)
15. Identify character (using switch statement) and get character data.
16. Add two bits (if this is first character) to row_buff.
17. If this the first row then OFF (give 0 to) it (1s are given from shift register).
18. EO of shift register is ON to illuminate the first row.
19. Delay.
20. EO of shift register is OFF.
21. Row is also ON so that now this row is OFF
22. Clear the shift register
23. Repeat steps ‘4’ to ‘11’ 5 times so that all 5 rows are illuminated (turned on and then off one by one (row)).
24. Repeat steps ‘3’ to ‘11’ 7 times (using loop1 so that 2 columns are illuminated)
25. Now column (loop) value is 3 (means now it will add 2 column bits of character)
26. Identify character (using switch statement) and get character data.
27. Add three bits (if this is first character) to row_buff.
28. If this the first row then OFF (give 0 to) it (1s are given from shift register).
29. EO of shift register is ON to illuminate the first row.
30. Delay.
31. EO of shift register is OFF.
32. Row is also ON so that now this row is OFF
33. Clear the shift register
34. Repeat steps ‘4’ to ‘11’ 5 times so that all 5 rows are illuminated (turned on and then off one by one (row)).
35. Repeat steps ‘3’ to ‘11’ 7 times (using loop1 so that 3 columns are illuminated)

In this way first character is illuminated.
36. Get 2 character of Message (word)
37. Identify first character (using switch statement) and get character data.
38. Add 5 bits (as this is NOT the first character) to row_buff (col).
39. Identify 2nd character (using switch statement) and get character data.
40. Add 1 bit (as this is the 2nd character) to row_buff (col).
41. If this the first row then OFF (give 0 to) it (1s are given from shift register).
42. EO of shift register is ON to illuminate the first row.
43. Delay.
44. EO of shift register is OFF.
45. Row is also ON (give 1 to it) so that now this row is OFF
46. Clear the shift register
47. Repeat steps ‘36’ to ‘48’ 5 times so that all 5 rows are illuminated (turned on and then off one by one (row)).
48. Repeat steps ‘36’ to ‘48’ 7 times (using loop1 so that 6 columns are illuminated)
49. Identify first character (using switch statement) and get character data.
50. Add 5 bits (as this is NOT the first character) to row_buff (col).
51. Identify 2nd character (using switch statement) and get character data.
52. Add 2 bits (as this is the 2nd word) to row_buff (col).
53. If this the first row then OFF (give 0 to) it (1s are given from shift register).
54. EO of shift register is ON to illuminate the first row.
55. Delay.
56. EO of shift register is OFF.
57. Row is also ON (give 1 to it) so that now this row is OFF
58. Clear the shift register
59. Repeat steps ‘49’ to ‘58’ 5 times so that all 5 rows are illuminated (turned on and then off one by one (row)).
60. Repeat steps ‘49’ to ‘58’ 7 times (using loop1 so that 1st column is illuminated)
And so on till loop (loop_words) is not over.

Now the code:

code unsigned int row_data1[5][5]={
{0,1,1,1,0},
{0,1,0,1,0},
{0,1,0,1,0},
{0,1,1,1,0},
{0,1,0,1,0}
};
code unsigned int row_data2[5][5]={
{0,1,1,1,0},
{0,1,0,1,0},
{0,1,1,1,0},
{0,1,0,1,0},
{0,1,1,1,0}
};
code unsigned int row_data3[5][5]={
{0,1,1,1,0},
{0,1,0,0,0},
{0,1,0,0,0},
{0,1,0,0,0},
{0,1,1,1,0}
};
code unsigned int row_data4[5][5]={
{1,1,1,1,0},
{1,0,0,0,1},
{1,0,0,0,1},
{1,0,0,0,1},
{1,1,1,1,0}
};
code unsigned int row_data5[5][5]={
{0,1,1,1,1},
{0,1,0,0,0},
{0,1,1,1,1},
{0,1,0,0,0},
{0,1,1,1,1}
};
code unsigned int row_data6[5][5]={
{0,1,1,1,1},
{0,1,0,0,0},
{0,1,1,1,1},
{0,1,0,0,0},
{0,1,0,0,0}
};
code unsigned int row_data7[5][5]={
{0,0,1,1,1},
{0,1,0,0,0},
{0,1,0,1,0},
{0,1,0,0,1},
{0,0,1,1,0}
};
//space
code unsigned int row_data8[5][5]={
{0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0}
};
sbit P2_0 = P2^0;
sbit P2_1 = P2^1;
sbit P2_2 = P2^2;
sbit P2_3 = P2^3;
sbit P2_4 = P2^4;
sbit P2_5 = P2^5;
sbit P2_6 = P2^6;
sbit P2_7 = P2^7;

sbit P1_0 = P1^0;
sbit P1_1 = P1^1;
sbit P1_2 = P1^2;
sbit P1_3 = P1^3;


unsigned char word;
unsigned char i;


unsigned char row_data[5][5];
unsigned char loop_words;
unsigned char loop;
unsigned char loop1;
unsigned char row;
unsigned char d;
unsigned char col;

unsigned char row_buff[30];

code unsigned char msg_org[7]={"ABCDEFG"};

void main()
{



while (1)
{



//Clr the shift register
P1_1=0;
for (d=0;d<8;d++){

//clock
P1_2=0;
P1_2=1;

}
d=0;
  //strobe of shift register BU4094 is off.
   P1_0=0;
  //EO of shift register is also off.
P1_3=0;

for (loop_words=0;loop_words<7;loop_words++) {//the main loop


for (loop=0;loop<5;loop++) {//this is to select column data
for (loop1=0;loop1<7;loop1++) {//this loop refreshes the display 
for (row=0;row<=5;row++)//for selection of rows
 { 
for (word=0;word<=loop_words;word++)//This loop make it sure that initially 1st word is selected
//then 2 words and then 3 words of the original msg 
{

switch(msg_org[word])
{
    case 'A':

  for (i=0;i<5;i++)
{
for (d=0;d<5;d++)
{row_data[i][d]=row_data1[i][d];
}
     }

	 break;
	 case 'B':

  for (i=0;i<5;i++)
{
for (d=0;d<5;d++)
{row_data[i][d]=row_data2[i][d];
}
     }

	 break;
	 case 'C':

  for (i=0;i<5;i++)
{
for (d=0;d<5;d++)
{row_data[i][d]=row_data3[i][d];
}
     }

	 break;
	 case 'D':

  for (i=0;i<5;i++)
{
for (d=0;d<5;d++)
{row_data[i][d]=row_data4[i][d];
}
     }

	 break;
	     case 'E':

  for (i=0;i<5;i++)
{
for (d=0;d<5;d++)
{row_data[i][d]=row_data5[i][d];
}
     }

	 break;
	     case 'F':

  for (i=0;i<5;i++)
{
for (d=0;d<5;d++)
{row_data[i][d]=row_data6[i][d];
}
     }

	 break;
	     case 'G':

  for (i=0;i<5;i++)
{
for (d=0;d<5;d++)
{row_data[i][d]=row_data7[i][d];
}
     }

	 break;	
  	 	     case ' ':

  for (i=0;i<5;i++)
{
for (d=0;d<5;d++)
{row_data[i][d]=row_data8[i][d];
}
     }

	 break;	  	  	 	 	 	  	 	  	 	  	 	  	 	  	 	  	 	  	 	  	 	  	 	  	 	  	 	  	 	  	 	  	 	  	 	  
}




if (word==loop_words)//if this is first word then add only one bit to row_buff
{
for (col=0;col<=loop;col++)
{
row_buff[d]=row_data[row][col];

 P1_1=row_buff[d] ;
 //clock
 P1_2=0;
P1_2=1;
 d=d+1;
 }
 }//if loop words==0
 else//Now if word are more than 1 (i.e; loop_words>0) than add 5 bits of 1st character 
 {
for (col=0;col<=4;col++)
{
row_buff[d]=row_data[row][col];

 P1_1=row_buff[d] ;
 //clock
 P1_2=0;
P1_2=1;
 d=d+1;

 }//for if

 
}//for word loop

if (row==0)//if this the first row then off it so that it can be illuminated
 P2_0=0 ;
 if (row==1)//if this the 2nd row then off it so that it can be illuminated 
 P2_1=0 ;
if (row==2) //if this the 3rd row then off it so that it can be illuminated
 P2_2=0;
if (row==3)//if this the 4th row then off it so that it can be illuminated
  P2_3=0;
if (row==4) //if this the 5th row then off it so that it can be illuminated
 P2_4=0;
 //strobe to shift register
   P1_0=1;
  //EO enable
P1_3=1;
 // delay so that the leds can be illuminated fo a while
 for (d=0;d<250;d++) {
 } 
   

d=0;
//clr strobe
   P1_0=0;
//clr EO 
P1_3=0;
//row is shut-off
 P2=0xFF;
//clr the SR
P1_1=0;
for (d=0;d<8;d++){

//clock
P1_2=0;
P1_2=1;

}



 
}//for row

}//fr loop1
}//for loop
}//for loop_words
}//while
}//main