Is it a PC with a fuse that needs to be replaced (most probably by soldering)?

Better motherboards normally have either a self-resetting termo fuse, or a dedicated chip (electronic fuse) that measures the current and deactivates the output at too high load. But some motherboards adds a soldered melting fuse or even skips the fuse alltoghether, resulting in a damaged PCB trace (or possibly a burned 0 ohm resistor).

A damaged PCB trace or 0 ohm resistor, or a pico-fuse that needs to be replaced is often quite easy to fix, even if it is bad workmanship to build such a motherboard.

If the motherboard has an intelligent chip that for some reason dies (possibly by too high initial current before the chip reacts), it can be quite tricky to fix the mb.

The actual USB PHY should normally not be damaged by any overcurrent, since it is intended to handle D+ and D- and is normally not involved in the USB power output.