You have two tricks that was used by old disks.

One was to interleave data, i.e. not store a continuous file on sequential sectors because the controller wasn't fast enough to process the data before the next sector had already passed. That problem went away with our caching disks. The HDD will cache the full track as soon as the head is aligned enough to see sectors. If the platter then have to spin for a while until the correct sector shows up, the disk will possibly have picked up a number of future sectors.

The next trick was that you could have staggered tracks, where the first sector on the track wasn't always at the same angle on the platter to allow a head to move from one track to the following and reach the new track just before the first sector arrives. I don't know if this is used in modern disks, but I would suspect that it isn't. Our file systems are more advanced now, so it isn't as simple to just assume that the disk will be read track after track. And the caching and fast disk interfaces makes it less important just as the need for interleaved sectors have gone away.

Microsoft did just buy an old and very lite edition of a disk defragmenter - they never did write one of their own because they assumed that the NTFS file system didn't need any defragmenting. They are probably forbidden from adding free-space defragmentation to avoid competition with the commercial non-lite defragger.