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???
03/06/09 14:36
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#163157 - Case of full unroll
Responding to: ???'s previous message
In this case, you got quite bad timing.

The cost of doing unaligned access is only a cost when doing accesses larger than one byte. In this case, it doesn't matter if the destination is one, two or three bytes unaligned. The only punishment is that the memory interface is run at a quarter of the maximum speed since the ARM isn't allowed to do 32-bit transfers.

The problem here is that the load will take 3 clock cycles and the store 2 clock cycles for an ARM7 core. The flash is big enough that a $5 chip can do a full unroll of 4k byte transfers and consume no more than 1/8 of the flash (four bytes read instruction, four bytes write instruction - probably two bytes read, two bytes write for same speed if using thumb mode). To do 60ns/transfer, that would then require 12ns cycle time, i.e. 83MHz. The chip I am using can't do more than 72MHz so it fails the 60ns/byte requirement. It would need 77MHz for 65ns/byte.

List of 76 messages in thread
TopicAuthorDate
NXP P89LPC936 Auxilary RAM            01/01/70 00:00      
   Compiler Cannot Save the Day At Runtime            01/01/70 00:00      
      I found it.....            01/01/70 00:00      
         Incorrect!            01/01/70 00:00      
            To be fair,...            01/01/70 00:00      
               Its good info to know...            01/01/70 00:00      
   how is it done in C?            01/01/70 00:00      
   Maybe you should try doing it ASM!            01/01/70 00:00      
      You should start a new thread on that!            01/01/70 00:00      
      Not in this case!            01/01/70 00:00      
         A compiler should support ALL MCU features ...            01/01/70 00:00      
            A compiler should translate the language            01/01/70 00:00      
               Still C - just not strict.            01/01/70 00:00      
            I didn't say that!            01/01/70 00:00      
               It is not that clean and clear            01/01/70 00:00      
                  Deviants are deviant            01/01/70 00:00      
                     Keil and SDCC need no macros ...            01/01/70 00:00      
                        Are you sure?            01/01/70 00:00      
                     That's probably correct, but ...            01/01/70 00:00      
                        A C compiler can map the hardware quite well            01/01/70 00:00      
                           compiler vendors are looking at the new processors            01/01/70 00:00      
                              I once mentioned that ...            01/01/70 00:00      
                           It's not what I'd choose, but it is a matter of perefernce            01/01/70 00:00      
                              As flash gets bigger, the code steps do too.            01/01/70 00:00      
                              Still not needed for other architectures            01/01/70 00:00      
                                 We will have to agree to disagree ... I guess            01/01/70 00:00      
                                    Which single-clocker is cheaper than an ARM?            01/01/70 00:00      
                                       RE: Which single-clocker is cheaper than an ARM?            01/01/70 00:00      
                                       differs considerably from the classic microcontroller?            01/01/70 00:00      
                                       Horses for courses            01/01/70 00:00      
                                          Always start each project by scanning the market            01/01/70 00:00      
                                             On that we can agree            01/01/70 00:00      
                                          Maybe, but what are they comparing?            01/01/70 00:00      
                                             Did you actually look?            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                Yes, I did.            01/01/70 00:00      
                                       it's a tradeoff            01/01/70 00:00      
                                          Is it 2006 already?            01/01/70 00:00      
                                             Really?            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                that's outright silly            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                   Maybe ... which is why it is not yet the case            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                      the eyes of the beholder            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                         Look at it from another viewpoint for a moment            01/01/70 00:00      
                                          RE: I'm not the one to ask about IC prices            01/01/70 00:00      
                                             doesn't mean I'm totally in the dark            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                Richard Erlacher has left the planet            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                   Maybe Andy's the one who's lost            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                      I cannot believe you even looked at ARM            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                         It's all relative            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                            Price doesn't directly follow processor size            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                            What about performance?            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                         Be specific please.            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                            You can use your own supplier            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                               Your test simulates as 41.04us            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                                  RE: ARM compiles do not like byte-addressing            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                                     A typo on my part            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                                        Case of full unroll            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                                           ... and what does THAT ARM MCU cost?            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                                              WHO CARES            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                                                 Absolutely true!            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                                              $5 or lower            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                                                 My Simulation times were wrong.            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                                                    67% of your loop was your loop            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                                                    re-written the loop in C            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                                                       Try without loop counter            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                                                          You're right!            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                                                             Similar trick with ARM7 would require 66.67MHz            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                                                             60ns with no store instruction.            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                                                                25% speedup            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                                                                   Actually, I found the for loop faster.            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                                                                      Compiler setting?            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                                                                         I made NO optimisation            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                                                                            Avoid variable aliasing if you like high optimization levels            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                                                                               The RealView compiler is very competent            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                                                                                  Yes, caching            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                                                                                  Yes, caching            01/01/70 00:00      
                                                                                                It's much easier with the 8-bit single-clocker            01/01/70 00:00      

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