If you want to start with something, it's great to look at examples.

The datasheets and/or application notes for your processor will also contain information about any special needs for an oscillator or needs for In-system programming etc.

Let's make a quick experiment:
If you try to google with the randomly selected search terms "11.0592 AT89S52" - what conclusions do you make?

http://www.sunrom.com/files/1002-3469A.pdf

Did you for example note a little nice development board described in a pdf "Atmel AT89S52 Controller Board with ICSP Programmer"? Did you notice the schematics? The pins you mention don't go to any electronics generating any clock frequency. They go to a pin header "Atmel 10-way ISP Header".

What hardware did you plan to use to handle MOSI/MISO/SCK/RST while programming? Do you even know what data to send on the pins, if you had hardware that could wiggle the signals? From the pdf you'll see that they have a nontrivial little board connected to that pin header - a board containing an unknown amount of electronics.

Let's say you do buy a programming cable available from Atmel - don't you think that such a cable will somehow supply the clock signal needed to clock in a new program into the chip? Cheap. Efficient. And you don't need to know what magic electronics that are needed to handle the signals on the programming header. And you don't even need to know how to wiggle the signals, since you will be able to run a standard application available from Atmel.

So google for AT89S52 and ISP, we can find out that Atmel have a product named AT89ISP.

And google for AT89ISP, we can find a number of locations where it may be bought.

We can also find a number of places where people claim you can build your own - and if reading the fine print a number of places where people either have problems with their home-made AT89ISP "clones", or where people recommend them to buy the real thing instead of building their own and then having troubles figuring out if they have a broken ISP programmer, or if it's their own microcontroller board that is broken.