Erik, if I understand you well: there aren't the rules of writing the compiler, passing parameters etc (except the syntax)? Anyone can do as he likes? For example. In Pascal you can pass to the procedure or function the array. In C you can pass only the reference to the array. Pascal passes all parameters by value. In my opinion it forces the implementation of the method of passing parameters. C passes the parameters by reference. So In C you can pass in the registers (if it is enough space for them), in Pascal you have (?; I don't know) to pass the array of memory. How? I don't know. Copying the memory array to another location? Using stack? Another example is that the parameters of procedures in Pascal may be modified. As you know, C is different...